3～4岁幼儿冷热自我调节的发展趋势及性别差异——一项纵向研究

doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2020.06.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 自我调节是个体发展和社会化的重要标志，在学前阶段发展迅速。研究选取白天-黑夜、头脚任务、延迟等待等实验范式，考察219名3岁幼儿一年内（3次测试）冷热自我调节的发展趋势及性别差异。结果表明：（1）二因素模型拟合显著好于单因素模型，冷热两成分中度相关；（2）幼儿的冷自我调节中度稳定，热自我调节中低度稳定；（3）幼儿的抑制控制与延迟等待随年龄增加而提高，女孩的延迟等待提高后保持稳定；（4）整体来看，幼儿的抑制控制和延迟等待存在显著性别差异，但具体来看，女孩的抑制控制仅在早期高于男孩，在延迟等待方面却始终高于男孩。结论：3~4岁女孩的冷热自我调节发展不同步，女孩的“性别优势”只在热自我调节上始终存在。

关键词: 幼儿, 自我调节, 抑制控制, 延迟等待, 性别差异

Abstract: Self-regulation is an important hallmark of individual development and socialization, which develops rapidly during preschool period. In this study, the development trends and gender differences of cool and hot self-regulation for 219 children aged 3 years was measured by day-night task, head-toes task and delaying task for three times in a year. The results showed that: (1) Two-factor model fitted significantly better than single-factor model. Cool and hot self-regulation were moderately related; (2) Children's cool self-regulation was moderately stable, while the stability of hot self-regulation was medium-low; (3) Inhibitory control and delaying of children increased with age. Delaying ability increased significantly first and then kept still, for girls; (4) For all, gender differences were significant in inhibitory control and delaying of children. But girls' inhibitory control was significantly higher than boys' only in early period, while always higher in delaying. Conclusion: At the age of 3~4, development trends of girls' cool and hot self-regulation are not synchronous. The “gender advantage” for girls persists only in hot self-regulation.

Key words: preschoolers, self-regulation, inhibitory control, delaying, gender differences

中图分类号:

B844

王苏, 盖笑松. 3～4岁幼儿冷热自我调节的发展趋势及性别差异——一项纵向研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2020, 36(6): 641-648.

WANG Su, GAI Xiaosong. Development Trends and Gender Differences of Cool and Hot Self-regulation for Children Aged 3~4—A Longitudinal Study[J]. Psychological Development and Education, 2020, 36(6): 641-648.

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